ZETLAND
16 YARRA STREET HAWTHORN, BOROONDARA CITY
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Statement of Significance
Criterion A Importance to the course, or pattern, of Victoria’s cultural history.
Criterion D Importance in demonstrating the principal characteristics of a class of cultural places and objects
Zetland is architecturally significant as a representative example of the houses built within the St James Park Estate, which were sought after by members of Melbourne’s prosperous middle-class of the 1870s. Zetland is characterised by its ornamental verandah, wide allotment, distinct hilltop location and set back position from the main road. [Criterion D].
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ZETLAND - History
Associated People: Tenant ROBERTSON FAMILY;
By the late 1830s, settlers were pushing out from Melbourne in all directions in search of new pastures for their sheep and cattle. While an 1837 survey of the area now known as Hawthorn showed only the station of overlander John Gardiner, the area had attracted interest from other pastoralists, agriculturalists and also timber cutters who were drawn to the large stands of Red Gums and Stringy Bark trees in the area. In the early 1840s, Dr James Palmer [later Sir James and first president of the Legislative Council], himself an owner of a flourishing timber business, established a punt across the Yarra River at Hawthorn near his property on the Richmond side of the river. A bridge replaced Palmer’s punt in 1851. With the increased communication between the eastern side of the Yarra and Melbourne, the village of Hawthorn expanded rapidly to serve the outlying agricultural, timber cutting and brick making activities. By the mid 1860s, the suburb of Hawthorn was well established. The first town hall had been built, the churches of the numerous denominations had been constructed, and leading Melbourne citizens had chosen Hawthorn as their home.The house Zetland at 16 Yarra Street Hawthorn stands on St James Park, a subdivision of Burwood [later Invergowrie], the new mansion which James Palmer had constructed on his large landholding on the Hawthorn side of river near the newly-completed bridge. Palmer apparently organized the subdivision of his large estate himself, but no sales of subdivided lots were made until shortly after his death in 1871. Rate books for 1872 record vacant allotments in the ownership of theatre entrepreneur George Coppin in the newly-formed Yarra Street on the former Palmer estate. Two adjoining allotments passed into the ownership of Charles Black. Zetland was constructed in 1873-74, and by 1876, Black had constructed similar houses on both lots. The houses were designed by William Ellis, the architect responsible for the design of the prominent Fitzroy Town Hall at about the same time. By 1876, Charles Black had died and both properties were offered for sale. Accountant John Robertson bought 16 Yarra St and the house name Zetland is first recorded during his ownership. John Robertson occupied the house until 1887 but the house remained in the ownership of the Robertson family until at least the 1901.
[Online data upgrade project 2005]
Sources:
Heritage Victoria File No 602946
Miles Lewis. Melbourne Mansions Database.
G McWilliam. Hawthorn Peppercorns. 1978.
V Peel, D Zion, J Yule. A History of Hawthorn. 1993
ZETLAND - Permit Exemptions
General Exemptions:General exemptions apply to all places and objects included in the Victorian Heritage Register (VHR). General exemptions have been designed to allow everyday activities, maintenance and changes to your property, which don’t harm its cultural heritage significance, to proceed without the need to obtain approvals under the Heritage Act 2017.Places of worship: In some circumstances, you can alter a place of worship to accommodate religious practices without a permit, but you must notify the Executive Director of Heritage Victoria before you start the works or activities at least 20 business days before the works or activities are to commence.Subdivision/consolidation: Permit exemptions exist for some subdivisions and consolidations. If the subdivision or consolidation is in accordance with a planning permit granted under Part 4 of the Planning and Environment Act 1987 and the application for the planning permit was referred to the Executive Director of Heritage Victoria as a determining referral authority, a permit is not required.Specific exemptions may also apply to your registered place or object. If applicable, these are listed below. Specific exemptions are tailored to the conservation and management needs of an individual registered place or object and set out works and activities that are exempt from the requirements of a permit. Specific exemptions prevail if they conflict with general exemptions. Find out more about heritage permit exemptions here.Specific Exemptions:NOTES
- All works should ideally be informed by a Conservation Management Plan prepared for the place. The Executive Director is not bound by any Conservation Management Plan, and permits still must be obtained for works suggested in any Conservation Management Plan.
- Nothing in this determination prevents the Heritage Council from amending or rescinding all or any of the permit exemptions.
- Nothing in this determination exempts owners or their agents from the responsibility to seek relevant planning or building permits where applicable.
GENERAL CONDITIONS
- All exempted alterations are to be planned and carried out in a manner which prevents damage to the fabric of the registered object.
- Should it become apparent during further inspection or the carrying out of works that original or previously hidden or inaccessible details of the object are revealed which relate to the significance of the object, then the exemption covering such works must cease and Heritage Victoria must be notified as soon as possible.
PERMIT EXEMPTIONS
The following permit exemptions are not considered to cause harm to the cultural heritage significance of Zetland. Owner(s) do not need to apply to Heritage Victoria for a permit or permit exemption for the below works.
General
- Minor repairs and maintenance which replaces like with like. Repairs and maintenance must maximise protection and retention of significant fabric and include the conservation of existing details or elements. Any repairs and maintenance must not exacerbate the decay of fabric due to chemical incompatibility of new materials, obscure fabric or limit access to such fabric for future maintenance.
- Maintenance, repair and replacement of existing external services such as plumbing, electrical cabling, surveillance systems, pipes or fire services which does not involve changes in location or scale.
- Repair to, or removal of items such as antennae; aerials; and air conditioners and associated pipe work, ducting and wiring.
- Works or activities, including emergency stabilisation, necessary to secure safety in an emergency where a structure or part of a structure has been irreparably damaged or destabilised and poses a safety risk to its users or the public. The Executive Director must be notified within seven days of the commencement of these works or activities.
- Painting of previously painted external surfaces in the same colour, finish and product type provided that preparation or painting does not remove all evidence of earlier paint finishes or schemes.
- Cleaning including the removal of surface deposits by the use of low-pressure water (to maximum of 300 psi at the surface being cleaned) and neutral detergents and mild brushing and scrubbing with plastic (not wire) brushes.
Interiors
- All works to maintain or upgrade existing bathrooms, kitchens and laundries, including installing new appliances, re-tiling and the like.
- Painting of internal surfaces.
- Installation of new flooring.
- Installation, removal or replacement of carpets and/or flexible floor coverings, window furnishings, and devices for mounting wall hung artworks.
- Installation, removal or replacement of existing electrical wiring, light fittings, light switches and outlets. If wiring is currently exposed, it should remain exposed. If it is fully concealed it should remain fully concealed.
- Removal or replacement of smoke and fire detectors, alarms and the like.
- Repair, removal or replacement of existing ducted, hydronic or concealed radiant type heating provided that the central plant is concealed, and that the work is done in a manner which does not alter building fabric.
- Installation of plant within the roof space, providing that it does not impact on the external appearance of the building or involve structural changes.
- Installation, removal or replacement of bulk insulation in the roof space.
- All structural and non-structural internal works beyond the first four rooms and front main hallway.
- All non-structural internal works to the first four rooms and front main hallway.
Outdoor areas
- Subsurface works to existing watering and drainage systems.
- All works to existing hard and soft landscaping elements (excluding the iron palisade front fence) including, but not limited to:
- Repair and maintenance of paving, footpaths and driveways.
- Installation of physical barriers or traps to enable vegetation protection and management of vermin such as rats, mice and possums.
- All gardening works.
Stables
- All works to the interior of the stables.
ZETLAND - Permit Exemption Policy
The significant characteristics of the building are considered to be:- the exterior of the entire building, including its configuration, roofline, external chimneys, and materiality;
- the configuration and layout of the front four rooms and front main hallway;
- the stables, to the extent of the exterior of the building including its configuration, roofline with external lantern, and materiality.
It is noted that internally, the ability to interpret the place as an 1870s residence diminishes beyond the first four rooms and the front main hallway. Refer to image '2024 Permit exemption diagram'.
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