YOUNG & JACKSON'S HOTEL
210-220 FLINDERS STREET MELBOURNE, MELBOURNE CITY
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Statement of Significance
This place is included on the Victorian Heritage Inventory, for its potential to contain historical archaeological remains associated with the settlement and growth of early Melbourne. Under the terms of the Heritage Act 2017 there is protection for all historical archaeology sites and objects in the state.
Please visit the Heritage Victoria website to find out more about the Heritage Inventory.
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YOUNG & JACKSON'S HOTEL - History
Heritage Inventory History of Site: Date of first documented occupation, 1830sHeritage Inventory Description
YOUNG & JACKSON'S HOTEL - Heritage Inventory Description
Land purchased by John Batman in first land sale 1837, Block 5, Allotment 8. By 1840 two buildings on site, "Mrs Cooks' Residence". Extant building constructed as butcher's shop 1854. Subsequently extended & altered for use as an hotel 1860-61. Modified 1875 when taken over by Henry Young & Thomas Jackson.1877 - 4 buildings: Princess Bridge Hotel, Druggist, & 2 Boot factories.1888 & 1905 - same buildings; Hotel & various shops.Further modifications 1922 (see below).
Heritage Inventory Significance: SOURCE: REPORT TO THE MINISTER:THE BUILDING KNOWN AS YOUNG AND JACKSON'S PRINCES BRIDGE HOTEL DATES BACK TO 1853 WHEN "FOUR STONE STORES" WERE ERECTED FOR THOMAS GATES JAMES OF ST KILDA UNDER A 21 YEAR LEASEHOLD AGREEMENT (FROM DECEMBER 1852) FROM THE OWNER HENRY JENNINGS, A SOLICITOR. THESE WAREHOUSES LOCATED ON THE CORNER OF SWANSTON AND FLINDERS STREETS WERE CONTEMPORANEOUS WITH THE DEVELOPMENT OF FLINDERS STREET STATION, AUSTRALIA'S FIRST AND LATER ITS BUSIEST RAILWAY STATION, DIRECTLY OPPOSITE ALTHOUGH THE EARLIER DEVELOPMENT OF PRINCE'S BRIDGE (1851) HAD ALSO ESTABLISHED THE POSITIONAL ADVANTAGE OF SWANSTON STREET AS AN ENTRANCE TO THE CENTRAL CITY FROM THE SOUTH BANK OF THE YARRA. IN 1856 THE LAND, AND EVENTUALLY ITS IMPROVEMENTS, WERE SOLD TO THE GRAZIER AND MERCHANT DENIS KEOGH IN WHOSE FAMILY IT WAS TO REMAIN FOR 123 YEARS. IN 1860 THE CORNER POSITION OF THE COMPLEX BECAME THE PRINCE'S BRIDGE HOTEL UNDER JOHN T TOOHEY AND IN 1875 HENRY FIGSBY YOUNG AND THOMAS JACKSON TOOK OVER THE LICENCE AND EXTENDED THE HOTEL. THE ARCHITECT JOHN FLANNAGAN AND THE BUILDER HENRY WRIGHT UNDERTOOK THE RENOVATIONS, MOST OF THE EXTERNAL ELEMENTS WHICH ARE STILL DISCERNABLE TODAY. YOUNG SOLD HIS LEASEHOLD IN 1914 TO THE BREWER, HOTELIER'S SON AND FUTURE LORD MAYOR OF MELBOURNE STEPHEN (LATER SIR STEPHEN) MORELL. DURING HIS TENANCY THE HOTEL ABSORBED ANOTHER OF THE FORMER STORES EXTENDING WEST ALONG FLINDERS STREET. MEANWHILE THE FREEHOLDER KEOGH'S WIDOW BESSIE HAD DIED IN 1921, LEAVING THE HOTEL TO HER SON WILLIAM UNDER WHOSE OWNERSHIP ALL THE PREVIOUS PERIMETER OCCUPANCIES WERE UNITED TO FORM ONE LARGE HOTEL. THE ARCHITECT OF THE 1922 WORK WAS THE HOTEL SPECIALIST RICHARD B WHITTAKER. PRINCE'S BRIDGE HOTEL ATTAINED ITS REPUTATION AS ONE OF MELBOURNE'S MOST IMPORTANT AND SUCCESSFUL HOTELS IN THE NINETEENTH CENTURY PARTLY BECAUSE OF ITS OCCUPATION OF THE KEY CORNER SITE FACING PRINCES BRIDGE AND FLINDERS STREET RAILWAY STATION. IT WAS ONE OF THE FIRST HOTELS CHOSEN BY THE FOSTER BROTHERS IN 1888 TO SELL THEIR REVOLUTIONARY NEW LAGER BEER WHICH LATER CAME TO DOMINATE THE MARKET FOR BOTTLED BEER. IN 1908 THE LESSEE HENRY YOUNG ATTRACTED FURTHER ATTENTION TO THE HOTEL WITH HIS PURCHASE AND SUBSEQUENT DISPLAY IN THE SALOON BAR OF "CHLOE", THE PAINTING OF A NUDE FEMALE BY THE FRENCHMAN JULES LEFEBVRE. THIS PAINTING HAD ALREADY BEEN THE SUBJECT OF PUBLIC OUTCRY. "CHLOE" HAD BEEN SHIPPED TO MELBOURNE FOR THE 1880-81 INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITION WHERE IT WAS PLACED ON DISPLAY AT THE FRENCH COURT. AFTER THE CLOSE OF THE EXHIBITION IT WAS PURCHASED BY THE NOTED MELBOURNE MEDICAL MAN DR THOMAS FITZGERALD WHO IN 1882 LOANED IT TO THE NATIONAL GALLERY. "CHLOE" AROUSED THE IRE OF CERTAIN MELBURNIANS IN 1883. THEY OBJECTED TO ITS PUBLIC DISPLAY, ESPECIALLY ON SUNDAYS. DESPITE A SPIRITED DEFENCE FROM ARTISTIC CIRCLES THE PAINTING WAS WITHDRAWN AND DR FITZGERALD ASKED FOR IT TO BE RETURNED TO HIS POSSESSION. ON HIS DEATH IT WAS BOUGHT BY THE HOTELIER YOUNG WITH GREAT ECLAT. YOUNG'S ACTION, AND THE SUBSEQUENT PUBLIC DISPLAY OF "CHLOE", WAS INTENDED TO PROMOTE HIS HOTEL BUT THE PRESENCE OF THE PAINTING AT YOUNG AND JACKSON'S CAME TO BE SEEN AS SYMBOLISING POPULAR RESISTANCE TO NARROW-MINDED VICTORIAN VALUES. IT HAS REMAINED ASOCIATED WITH THE HOTEL EVER SINCE AND HAS CHANGED HANDS WITH THE FREEHOLD ON THE TWO OCCASIONS IN THE PAST DECADE THAT THE HOTEL HAS BEEN SOLD. SINCE THE 1920'S COMMERCIAL SIGNS HAVE PLAYED AN INTERESTING ROLE IN ESTABLISHING YOUNG AND JACKSON'S LANDMARK QUALITY. YOUNG AND JACKSON'S PRINCES BRIDGE HOTEL MAY BE REGARDED TO BE OF ARCHITECTURAL AND HISTORIC IMPORTANCE FOR THE FOLLOWING REASONS: - FOR COMPRISING THE EARLIEST SURVIVING GROUP OF REMNANT WAREHOUSES IN MELBOURNE, AND THE SUGGESTION MADE BY THIS BUILDING OF THE EARLY WAREHOUSE ROLE PLAYED BY THIS PART OF FLINDERS STREET. - FOR THE UNIQUE LOCATION OF THIS BUILDING WHICH WAS ORIGINALLY A GROUP OF WAREHOUSES, THEIR ASSOCIATION WITH PRINCE'S BRIDGE (1851) AND AUSTRALIA'S FIRST PASSENGER RAILWAY WHICH RAN FROM THE STATION AT FLINDERS STREET TO SANDRIDGE (OPENED 1854). - AS ONE OF THE OLDEST (1860) HOTELS IN CONTINUOUS OPERATION IN VICTORIA, AND PROBABLY THE BEST KNOWN ENTERPRISE OF ITS TYPE IN AUSTRALIA.- AS A FAMILIAR LANDMARK AND MEETING PLACE BY VIRTUE OF ITS GREAT AGE AND POSITION.- AS AN INSTITUTUION WHICH BY THE COMMON OWNERSHIP OF ITS PARTS HAS BECOME AN ARCHITECTURAL ENTITY, ITS VISUAL VARIETY AND DETAIL ALTERATIONS FROM EACH OF THE ERAS OF OCCUPATION NOTWITHSTANDING.-FOR ITS ASSOCIATION WITH HENRY FIGSBY YOUNG (1843-1925) AND THOMAS JACKSON WHO WERE THE LICENSEES IN THE LATTER DECADES OF THE NINETEENTH CENTURY.-FOR THE ASSOCIATION OF THE INSTITUTION OF THE HOTEL WITH THE PAINTING BY JULES LEFEBVRE "CHLOE" WHICH WAS PURCHASED BY YOUNG IN 1908 FROM THE ESTATE OF DR THOMAS FITZGERALD AND WHICH HAS BEEN ON DISPLAY AT THE HOTEL EVER SINCE.- AS A POPULAR MELBOURNE HOTEL OF THE TRADITIONAL TYPE. |
Archeological Potential: Extant bldg Fabric,Potential (area),Remnant Structure,Site
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MITRE TAVERNVictorian Heritage Register H0464
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MELBOURNE SAVAGE CLUBVictorian Heritage Register H0025
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FORMER LONDON CHARTERED BANKVictorian Heritage Register H0022
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